Research is a systematic investigation into a particular topic or phenomenon to discover new knowledge, enhance existing knowledge, or validate existing theories. It involves gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to address a research question or hypothesis.
Objectives of Research
The objectives of research vary depending on the specific topic or phenomenon being investigated. However, some common objectives include:
- To discover new knowledge
- To enhance existing knowledge
- To validate existing theories
- To solve problems
- To develop new products or processes
- To improve existing products or processes
- To inform policy or practice
Characteristics of Research
Good research is characterized by the following:
1. Objective
- It means research is without any bias.
- All other characteristics built around it.
- Research usually take utmost precautions that results are not affected by their presence, behaviors and attitude.
- They critically examine the research methods to avoid any bias.
2. Reliability
- Reliability in the context of research is consistency..
- It refers to the extent to which an investigation produces consistent results.
- It can also be termed as verifiability.
- There are four main types of reliability. Each can be estimated by comparing different sets of results produced by the same method
3. Validity
- Here, validity in research mainly stands for accuracy of procedures, research instances, tests, ext.
- There mainly six different types of validities you need to consider.
4. Accuracy
- It is closely related to validity
- It is also the degree to which research process, instruments and tools are related to each other.
- Accuracy also measures weather the research tools have been selected in the best possible manner and research procedures suit the research problem or not
5. Credibility
- It is the use of best source of information and the best procedures in the research.
6. Generalizability
- It refers to the degree to which research finding can be applied to a large population.
7. Empirical research
- It is based on real life experiences, direct experiences or observation by researcher.
8. Systematic
- For a research to be effective, it has to be systematic
- It is the only approach to undertake any research work and each step must follow the other.
9. Controlled factors
- Various factors may affect the outcome and some are taken as controlled factors, whereas the other are tested for possible outcome.
10. Cyclical
- Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a proble.
11. Logical
- A good research is logical, implies that research is guide by the rules of logical reasoning.
- Induction and deduction are of great value in research.
12. Replicable
- This characteristics allows the results of the research to be verified by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for decisions.
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